August 27, 2024

Entering the World of Light Pollution Science

By Benjamin Banet, Physical Scientist, NPS Natural Sounds and Night Skies Division

The career beginnings of a physical scientist 

In 2014, I was 18 years old and driving to college in Los Angeles from Missouri, where I’d grown up. Every day, we’d drive about half the day and spend the night in a national park. Out of all the parks we saw on the trip, Great Basin National Park excited me the most with the promise of some of the darkest skies in the Lower 48. I’d grown up camping in Missouri and spent dozens of nights under the stars, but even the Milky Way was just a faint band on the best of nights. 

Las Vegas from 200 miles_USFS

Las Vegas, Nevada from 200 miles, USFS
Photo Credit: Ben Banet

A few days later, outside my dorm room, two miles south of downtown Los Angeles, I looked up at the sky at night and saw the luminous haze of light pollution with only a handful of the brightest stars peeking through. The contrast with the starry sky above Great Basin National Park just a few days earlier was so great that I wanted to learn more about light pollution from that day forward. 

Coincidentally, Dr. Travis Longcore, a leading expert on ecological effects of light pollution, was at the University of Southern California when I was there. We crossed paths for the first time in December 2014 and within a few months, I was doing research alongside him. From taking long-exposure measurements with a fisheye camera at 104 different sites across the west, to analyzing satellite imagery of the earth at night, and writing a thesis on light pollution measurements collected from a 70-mile hike across Sequoia National Park, the work I got to be involved with was fascinating and kept me out under the stars for hours on many nights. I learned so much about measuring the night sky, data analysis, the importance of partnerships and collaboration in science, and got to present our work at the 2018 Artificial Light at Night conference.

Meteor over radar base, Channel Islands National Park

A meteor falling over Santa Cruz Island in the Channel Islands National Park, with lights from a military radar installation in the distance.

hut

Stars spinning over Mt. Whitney Summit,
Sequoia National Park 

The above photos were collected while coducting research with Dr. Longcore. The photo on the left was taken on Santa Cruz Island, while on a research backpacking trip to collect transect data of light pollution values from downtown Los Angeles, thru the Santa Monica Mountains, and up to 45 miles offshore at Channel Islands National Park. I took images from Anacapa, Santa Cruz and Santa Rosa islands. The photo on the right was taken at the top of Mt. Whitney, while collecting data for my senior thesis.

In the months after graduation, I got to assist Perpetua Resources (Midas Gold at the time) develop a lighting plan for their proposed mine near the Central Idaho Dark Sky Reserve. Being able to advocate for better lighting in the initial plans for a project was an exciting way to get ahead of light pollution before it’s even a problem. Seeing that better lighting design could help improve both the night sky quality for surrounding areas and the safety for the workers at the mine led to some eye-opening & productive conversations. 

After a few years of doing Geographic Information Systems for the Department of Transportation in Bishop, CA from 2019-2021, I went to Yellowstone National Park as a Physical Science Technician to manage their climate stations. There was a lot of data collection and also a lot of rebuilding data collection towers after bison used them as scratching posts. Between seasons at Yellowstone, I got to work with Ashley Pipkin and the NPS Natural Sounds and Night Skies Division as a Scientist in the Parks intern at Lake Mead National Recreation Area.

Collecting climate data in Yellowstone National Park

Collecting climate data in Yellowstone National Park,
July 2021

Collecting spectral data over Boulder City, NV

Collecting spectral data over Boulder City, NV,
July 2023

In the summer of 2022, I moved to Fort Collins to work in the Natural Sounds and Night Sky Division as a Physical Scientist on the Night Sky Assessment at Bon Secour National Wildlife Refuge and Gulf Islands National Seashore project. This project is focused on quantifying and characterizing skyglow and light pollution from ten sites in these two protected areas on the Gulf Coast in collaboration with the US Fish and Wildlife Service. This project is funded as a night sky restoration effort by the Deepwater Horizon Fund. 

My role is focused on the technical aspects of operating our three camera systems on data collection trips to Alabama and Florida. Each camera system is targeted to collect a different aspect of data on night sky quality. Used together with a nighttime overflight to acquire high-resolution imagery and ground-based lightning inventory, we will identify and target lights in developments and coastal cities for a lighting retrofit and replacement effort.

For more information about the funding, partnerships involved, or camera systems used in the Night Sky Assessment at Bon Secour National Wildlife Refuge and Gulf Islands National Seashore project, details can be found in this technical progress report.  

Timelapse at Perdido Key, Gulf Islands National Seashore, October 2022
Video Credit:
Jeremy White, NPS

Learn More

Related Articles

Events