E. coli in Recreational Waters
Lakes and ponds can become contaminated with coliform bacteria, including E. coli, from both point and non-point sources. Sewage discharges are one example of a point source contamination. Urban and agricultural runoff, septic systems, wildlife waste, and pet fecal matter are all examples of non-point sources. Fecal matter on beaches can be washed into the water by waves[2]. Bodies of water not secured from wild animals are at a higher risk of contamination.
Before coming in contact with water in a lake or pond, check for posted warnings. In addition, call the local health department or check the Utah Department of Environmental Quality website for recreation restrictions. 
Health Impacts
Unintentional ingestion of contaminated water due to prolonged exposure can cause gastrointestinal illness, varying in severity. Common symptoms include diarrhea, fever, nausea, vomiting, and cramps. More severe cases can include a high fever and bloody stools resulting in hospitalization [1].
Outbreak Prevention
The best way to prevent E. coli outbreaks is to eliminate the sources of contamination. As a recreator, be sure not to swim if sick, and be sure to change and properly dispose of soiled baby diapers. Do not rinse diapers in pond or lake water [1]. Pick up pet fecal matter, and respect the designated use for the body of water.
References
[1] Craun, G. F., Calderon, R. L., & Craun, M. F. (2005). Outbreaks associated with recreational water in the United States. International Journal of Environmental Health Research, 15(4), 243–262. https://doi.org/10.1080/09603120500155716[2] Palmer, J. A., Law, J.-Y., & Soupir, M. L. (2020). Spatial and temporal distribution of E. coli contamination on three inland lake and recreational beach systems in the upper midwestern United States. Science of the Total Environment, 722, 137846. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137846
Authors
Erin Rivers, Water Quality Extension Specialist; Abby Barton, Intern
Erin Rivers
Assistant Professor and Water Quality Extension Specialist
Quinney College of Natural Resourcs
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