Planting and Spacing

Root vegetables start to germinate at soil temperatures of 40°F, with optimum germination between 55- 70°F. High temperatures (over 80°F) can cause heat induced seed dormancy, causes poor root development (off-shapes), poor root quality (poor color and coarse texture), and reduces root sugar levels. Root vegetables mature quickly (30 to 100 days) and temperature influences the days to harvest. Use sequential plantings (about every 10 days) to get consistent production. Plant seeds ¼ - ⅓ inches deep in rows spaced 12-24 inches apart.

Seed Quantities, Field Seeding Rates, and Common Row Spacing for Root Vegetables

Crop	Seeds/lb. (per unit weight)	Field (lb./ac)	In Row Spacing (inches)	Between Row Spacing (inches)
Beets	24 - 26,000 lbs.	10 - 15	2 - 4	12 - 24
Carrot	300 - 400,000 lbs.	2 - 4	1 - 3	15 - 24
Parsnip	185 - 200,000 lbs.	3 - 5	2 - 4	18 - 30
Radish	40 - 50,000 lbs.	10 - 20	1/2 - 1	8 - 15
Rutabaga	150 - 200,000 lbs.	1 - 2	4 - 8	15 - 30
Turnip	150 - 200,000 lbs.	1 - 2	2 - 6	12 - 30

*field seeding rates depend on plant type, germination percentage, plant population, and seasonal field conditions at planting

Purchase the best quality seed available to help ensure uniformity of germination and plant growth. Seed weight information can help plan seed purchases. Use modern precision planters when seeding. A fungicide seed treatment should be used if establishment issues have been encountered. Always plant in well-prepared seedbeds to ensure uniform planting depths and rapid establishment. Water after seeding to promote even emergence. Carrot and parsnip are very slow to emerge, particularly in cold soils.

Regardless of the crop, proper plant spacing allows good air movement around the plants to minimize common diseases. Planting on raised beds (3-4 feet wide; 4 inches high; 3-4 rows per bed) helps with air movement and encourages drier soil conditions. Rotate planting sites wherever possible, each year

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