Brief Research Summary: Cattle, Elk And Deer
![Elk](/rangelands/images/elk-canva-3-23-22.jpg)
Numbers at the end of end statement correspond to the number publications in the reference section.
Effect of livestock on habitat and forage quality and quantity for deer and elk
- Livestock grazing improves forage quality for deer and elk. (1, 2, 3, 4, 12)
- Livestock grazing did not improve forage quality on winter range. (5)
- Livestock grazing in spring reduces fall standing crop. (1, 2, 4)
- Livestock grazing in fall reduces spring but not summer standing crop. (3)
- Elk and deer prefer to forage in areas previously used by livestock. (7, 8, 9, 10, 13, 14)
- Previous grazing by cattle had no effect on where elk chose to forage (6, 11)
- The presence of livestock changes habitat use of deer and elk. (14, 15, 17, 18)
- Livestock and wildlife use different areas of rangeland. (16)
- Elk and deer prefer to forage in areas previously burned. (8)
- Burning had no effect on where elk chose to forage. (11)
References
- Ganskopp, D., L. Aguilera and M. Vavra. 2007. Livestock Forage Conditioning Among Six Northern Great Basin Grasses. Range. Ecol. Manage. 60:71–78.
- Ganskopp, D. T. Svejcar and M. Vavra. 2004. Livestock forage conditioning: Bluebunch wheatgrass, Idaho fescue, and bottlebrush squirreltail. J. Range Manage. 57:384-392.
- Short, J.J. and J.E. Knight. 2003. Fall grazing affects big game forage on rough fescue grasslands. J. Range Manage. 56: 213-217.
- Clark, P.E., W.C. Kruger, L.D. Bryant and D.R. Thomas. 2000. Livestock grazing effects on forage quality of elk winter range. J. Range Manage. 53:97–105.
- Wambolt, C.L., M.R. Frisina, K. S. Douglass, and H.W. Sherwood. 1997. Grazing effects on nutritional quality of bluebunch wheatgrass for elk. J. Range Manage. 50:503-506.
- Halstead, L.E., L.D. Howery, G.B. Ruyle, P.R. Krausman, and R. J. Steidl. 2002. Elk and cattle forage use under a specialized grazing system. J. Range Manage. 55: 360-366.
- Frisina, M.R. 1992. Elk Habitat Use within a Rest-Rotation Grazing System. Rangelands 14:93-96
- Jourdonnais, C.S. and D.J. Bedunah. 1990. Prescribed Fire and Cattle Grazing on an Elk Winter Range in Montana. Wildl. Soc. Bull. 18:232-240.
- Anderson, E.W., D.L. Franzen, and J.E. Melland. 1990. RxGrazing to Benefit Watershed-Wildlife-Livestock. Rangelands 12:105-111.
- Grover, K.E. and M.J. Thompson. 1986. Factors influencing spring feeding site selection by elk in the Elkhorn Mountains, Montana. J. Wildl. Manage. 50:466-470.
- Skovlin, J.M., P.J. Edgerton and B.R. McConnell. 1983. Elk Use of Winter Range as Affected by Cattle Grazing, Fertilizing, and Burning in Southeastern Washington. J. Range Manage. 36:184-189.
- Willms, W., and A. Mclean. 1978. Spring forage selection by tame mule deer on big sagebrush range, British Columbia. J. Range Manage. 31:192-199.
- Anderson, E.W. and R. J. Scherzinger. 1975. Improving Quality of Winter Forage for Elk by Cattle Grazing. J. Range Manage. 28:120-125.
- Yeo, J.J., J. M. Peek, W.T. Wittinger, and C.T. Kvale. 1993. Influence of rest-rotation cattle grazing on mule deer and elk habitat use in east-central Idaho. J. Range Manage. 46:245-250.
- Loft, E.R., J.W. Menke and J.G. Kie. 1991. Habitat shifts by mule deer: The influence of grazing cattle. J. Wildl. Manage. 55:16-26.
- Hart, R.H., K.W. Hepworth, M.A. Smith, AND J.W. Waggoner, Jr. 1991. Cattle grazing behavior on a foothill elk winter range in southeastern Wyoming. J. Range Manage. 44:262-266.
- Wallace, M.C. and P.R. Krausman. 1987. Elk, Mule Deer, and Cattle Habitats in Central Arizona. J. Range. Manage. 40:80-83.
- Stevens, D.R. 1966. Range Relationships of Elk and Livestock, Crow Creek Drainage, Montana. J. Wildl. Manage. ?30:349-363.