Economic development is the means by which a community can advance its financial and social circumstances. Intentionally guiding economic development is very important in gateway and natural amenity region (GNAR) communities, but it can prove difficult. GNAR economies are often seasonal. Their primary economic driver is often related to tourism, such as a ski resort or national park. This phenomenon is not new. Many GNAR economies have historically grown around one industry, such as mining, ranching, or forestry, and have therefore experienced boom and bust cycles related to that sector’s relative success. GNAR economies that are heavily dependent upon tourism today remain tied to national and local economic trends. Economic development planning can help alleviate the impacts of these cycles. Similarly, proper tourism management and promotion can help GNAR economies remain strong and resilient.
The economic challenges that GNARs face are varied, ranging from limited employment options and socioeconomic disparities to a lack of education and job training opportunities, isolation from other cities and economic centers, stress on natural resources and infrastructure, and a small tax base. Additionally, many sectors within a GNAR economy are closely linked; a downturn in one is likely to negatively impact others. For example, a healthy stream will support trout populations that, in turn, attract anglers. When water quality and habitat decline, it directly impacts aquatic life and indirectly impacts tourism related to fishing. Going further, a decrease in visitors who like to fish may impact local guides, hotels, transit ridership, etc. Many GNARs also experience tension between different economic sectors, such as the tension that is commonly present between agriculture and land development.
GNAR economies benefit immensely from scenic landscapes, recreational opportunities, abundant and healthy natural resources, and the promise of a high quality of life for residents. These opportunities need to be properly managed to ensure ongoing economic stability. Many communities include an economic development element to their comprehensive plans. Elements of an economic development plan are likely to include policies designed to shape community investment, public-private partnerships, land use, and growth opportunities. Other policies typically included are those intended to expand economic and educational opportunities for residents, cultivate and maintain local businesses and industry relationships, and maintain and improve environmental quality, recreational opportunities, and culturally significant aspects of the community.
The Role of Tourism in a GNAR Economy
Many GNARs attribute a large part of their economic vitality to tourism and visitation to their local natural amenities. While tourism can create many economic opportunities in GNAR communities, it can bring along numerous challenges. Intentional management and appropriate promotion can help communities strengthen tourism as an economic driver, while maintaining a high quality of life and protecting natural amenities and resources.
Tools & Resources
Forthcoming tools and resources to be found in this section:
- Revitalizing ‘Main Street’ and creating vibrant downtowns
- Promoting local small businesses through amenity-themed marketing
- Assessing the economic impact of tourism and outdoor recreation on your community
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