References

Abella SR, Gunn JL, Daniels ML, Springer JD, Nyoka SE. 2009. Using a diverse seed mix to establish native plants on a Sonoran Desert burn. Native Plants Journal. 10(1):21–31. [accessed 2022 Dec 23]. https://dist.lib.usu.edu/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=edsjsr&AN=edsjsr.43309754&site=eds-live.

Bainbridge DA. 2001. Buried clay pot irrigation: a little known but very efficient traditional method of irrigation. Agricultural Water Management. 48(2):79–88. doi:10.1016/S0378-3774(00)00119-0. [accessed 2022 Dec 23]. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378377400001190.

Bashan Y, Salazar B, Puente MaE, Bacilio M, Linderman R. 2009. Enhanced establishment and growth of giant cardon cactus in an eroded field in the Sonoran Desert using native legume trees as nurse plants aided by plant growth-promoting microorganisms and compost. Biol Fertil Soils. 45(6):585–594. doi:10.1007/s00374-009-0367-x. [accessed 2022 Dec 23]. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00374-009-0367-x.

Biondini ME, Bonham CD, Redente EF. 1985. Secondary successional patterns in a sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata) community as they relate to soil disturbance and soil biological activity. Vegetatio. 60(1):25–36. [accessed 2022 Dec 22]. http://www.jstor.org/stable/20146195.

Britton J, DeRose J, Mock K, McAvoy D. Utah Forest Facts: The Regeneration of Aspen Stands in Southern Utah [Internet]. All Current Publications. Paper 1743. Logan (UT): Utah State University Extension; 2016 Dec. Available from  https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2761&context=extension_curall.

Brooks MA. 1993. Evaluation of roadside revegetation in central Arizona [thesis]. [Tuscon (AZ)]: The University of Arizona. [accessed 2022 Dec 13]. https://repository.arizona.edu/handle/10150/186330.

Brown JH, Davidson DW, Munger JC, Inouye RS. 1986. Experimental community ecology: the desert granivore system. In: Diamond J, Case TJ, editors. Community Ecology. Harper & Row. p. 41–61.

Chambers JC, Brown RW. 1983. Methods for vegetation sampling and analysis on revegetated mined lands. Ogden (UT): U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Intermountain Forest and Range Experiment Station. INT-151. [accessed 2022 Dec 9]. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.99993.

Chiquoine LP, Abella SR, Bowker MA. 2016. Rapidly restoring biological soil crusts and ecosystem functions in a severely disturbed desert ecosystem. Ecological Applications. 26(4):1260–1272. [accessed 2022 Dec 14]. https://www.jstor.org/stable/24818161.

Cione NK, Padgett PE, Allen EB. 2002. Restoration of a native shrubland impacted by exotic grasses, frequent fire, and nitrogen deposition in southern California. Restoration Ecology. 10(2):376–384. doi:10.1046/j.1526-100X.2002.02038.x. [accessed 2022 Dec 22]. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1046/j.1526-100X.2002.02038.x.

Cook C, Stoddart L, Harris L. 1956. Bulletin No. 385 - Comparative nutritive value and palatability of some introduced and native forage plants for spring and summer grazing. UAES Bulletins. Paper 347:39. [accessed 2022 Dec 14]. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/uaes_bulletins/347.

Cox RD, Anderson VJ. 2004. Increasing native diversity of cheatgrass-dominated rangeland through assisted succession. Journal of Range Management. 57(2):203–210. doi:10.2307/4003920.

Davidson DW, Inouye RS, Brown JH. 1984. Granivory in a desert ecosystem: experimental evidence for indirect facilitation of ants by rodents. Ecology. 65(6):1780–1786. doi:10.2307/1937774.

Davy J, Roche L, Robertson A, Nay D, Tate K. 2015. Introducing cattle grazing to a noxious weed-dominated rangeland shifts plant communities. California Agriculture. 69(4):230–236. [accessed 2022 Dec 22]. http://calag.ucanr.edu/Archive/?article=ca.v069n04p230.

Dreesen D. 2009. Seeding native grasses in the arid Southwest. USDA-NRCS Plant Materials Center, Los Lunas (NM): NCRS New Mexico Website. ID # 8352. [accessed 2022 Dec 23]. https://www.nrcs.usda.gov/plantmaterials/nmpmcmt8352.pdf.

Dubay C. 2017. Restoration for homeowners: A guide to fire safety and native landscaping in Southwestern Ponderosa Pine forests. Northern Arizona University Ecological Restoration Institute. [accessed 2022 Dec 14]. https://cdm17192.contentdm.oclc.org/digital/collection/p17192coll1/id/887/rec/1.

Eichberg C, Donath TW. 2018. Sheep trampling on surface-lying seeds improves seedling recruitment in open sand ecosystems. Restoration Ecology. 26(S2):S211–S219. doi:10.1111/rec.12650. [accessed 2022 Dec 23]. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/rec.12650.

Ffolliott PF, Guertin DP. 1998. Prescribed fire in Arizona ponderosa pine forests. A 24-year case study. Poster paper presented at the conference: Effects of Fire in Management of Southwestern Natural Resources November 14–17.

Fitzsimmons K, Lovely C, Glenn E. 2009. Growth differences among widely separated geographic accessions of fourwing saltbush (Atriplex canescens) in the great basin desert, New Mexico, USA. Arid Land Research and Management. 12(2):87–94. [accessed 2022 Dec 22]. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/15324989809381501.

Graham PH. 2005. Practices and issues in the inoculation of prairie legumes used in revegetation and restoration. Ecological Restoration. 23(3):187–195. [accessed 2022 Dec 22]. https://dist.lib.usu.edu/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=edsjsr&AN=edsjsr.43442970&site=eds-live.

Grover H. 2021. Mitigating Postfire Runoff and Erosion in the Southwest using Hillslope and Channel Treatments. ERI Working
Paper No. 44. Ecological Restoration Institute, Northern Arizona University. 11 pp.https://aftertheflames.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/44_Working-Paper_Mitigating-Postfire-Erosion_WEB.pdf. 

Groves AM, Brudvig LA. 2019. Interannual variation in precipitation and other planting conditions impacts seedling establishment in sown plant communities. Restoration Ecology. 27(1):128–137. doi:10.1111/rec.12708. [accessed 2022 Dec 9]. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/rec.12708.

Habitat Management Fact Sheet: Prescribed Burning [Internet]. Indiana Division of Fish & Wildlife; c2005. Available from https://www.in.gov/dnr/fish-and-wildlife/files/HMFSPrescribedBurn.pdf.

Hayes GF, Holl KD. 2003. Cattle grazing impacts on annual forbs and vegetation composition of mesic grasslands in California. Conservation Biology. 17(6):1694–1702. doi:10.1111/j.1523-1739.2003.00281.x. [accessed 2022 Dec 22]. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1523-1739.2003.00281.x.

Health and Restoration - Utah Geological Survey [Internet]. c2023. Utah Geological Survey - State of Utah. Available from https://geology.utah.gov/water/wetlands/health-and-restoration/

Homburg JA, Sandor JA. 2011. Anthropogenic effects on soil quality of ancient agricultural systems of the American Southwest. CATENA. 85(2):144–154. doi:10.1016/j.catena.2010.08.005. [accessed 2022 Dec 23]. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0341816210001256.

John LS, Tilley D, Scianna J, Jacobs J, Ogle D, Majerus M, Holzworth L. 2012. Mixing seed with rice hulls. Boise (ID) and Bozeman (MT): US Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service. Technical Note Plant Materials Report No.: 7 (revised). [accessed 2022 Dec 23]. https://www.nrcs.usda.gov/plantmaterials/idpmctn11458.pdf.

Johnson RC, Cashman MJ, Vance-Borland K. 2012. Genecology and seed zones for indian ricegrass collected in the southwestern United States. Rangeland Ecology and Management. 65(5):523–532. [accessed 2022 Dec 22]. https://www.proquest.com/docview/1151085040/abstract/E478C078D6ED4346PQ/1.

Johnston FM, Johnston SW. 2004. Impacts of road disturbance on soil properties and on exotic plant occurrence in subalpine areas of the Australian Alps. Arctic, Antarctic, and Alpine Research. 36(2):201–207. doi:10.1657/1523-0430(2004)036[0201:IORDOS]2.0.CO;2. [accessed 2022 Dec 22]. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1657/1523-0430%282004%29036%5B0201%3AIORDOS%5D2.0.CO%3B2.

Kildisheva OA, Erickson TE, Madsen MD, Dixon KW, Merritt DJ. 2019. Seed germination and dormancy traits of forbs and shrubs important for restoration of North American dryland ecosystems. Plant Biology. 21(3):458–469. doi:10.1111/plb.12892. [accessed 2022 Dec 22]. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/plb.12892.

Kimball S, Lulow M, Sorenson Q, Balazs K, Fang Y-C, Davis SJ, O’Connell M, Huxman TE. 2015. Cost-effective ecological restoration. Restoration Ecology. 23(6):800–810. doi:10.1111/rec.12261. [accessed 2022 Dec 22]. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/rec.12261.

Koziol L, Bever JD. 2017. The missing link in grassland restoration: arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi inoculation increases plant diversity and accelerates succession. Journal of Applied Ecology. 54(5):1301–1309. doi:10.1111/1365-2664.12843. [accessed 2022 Dec 22]. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/1365-2664.12843.

Ladouceur E, Jiménez-Alfaro B, Marin M, De Vitis M, Abbandonato H, Iannetta PPM, Bonomi C, Pritchard HW. 2018. Native seed supply and the restoration species pool. Conservation Letters. 11(2):e12381. doi:10.1111/conl.12381. [accessed 2022 Dec 22]. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/conl.12381.

Lengyel S, Varga K, Kosztyi B, Lontay L, Déri E, Török P, Tóthmérész B. 2012. Grassland restoration to conserve landscape-level biodiversity: A synthesis of early results from a large-scale project. Applied Vegetation Science. 15:264–276. doi:10.1111/j.1654-109X.2011.01179.x.

Linington S, Manger K. 2014. Seed bank design: cold rooms for seed storage. Technical Information Sheet. 12. [accessed 2022 Dec 22]. http://brahmsonline.kew.org/content/projects/msbp/resources/training/12-cold-room-design.pdf.

Lippitt L, Fidelibus MW, Bainbridge DA. 1994. Native seed collection, processing, and storage for revegetation projects in the western United States. Restoration Ecology. 2(2):120–131. doi:10.1111/j.1526-100X.1994.tb00049.x. [accessed 2022 Dec 22]. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1526-100X.1994.tb00049.x.

Longland WS, Ostoja SM. 2013. Ecosystem services from keystone species: Diversionary seeding and seed-caching desert rodents can enhance Indian ricegrass seedling establishment. Restoration Ecology. 21(2):285–291. doi:10.1111/j.1526-100X.2012.00895.x. [accessed 2022 Dec 23]. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1526-100X.2012.00895.x.

Lynch K. 1971. Site planning. 2nd ed. Cambridge (MA): M.I.T. Press. https://mitpress.mit.edu/9780262120500/site-planning/.

Madsen MD, Davies KW, Boyd CS, Kerby JD, Svejcar TJ. 2016. Emerging seed enhancement technologies for overcoming barriers to restoration. Restoration Ecology. 24(S2):S77–S84. doi:10.1111/rec.12332. [accessed 2022 Dec 22]. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/rec.12332.

Martin SC, Severson KE. 1988. Vegetation response to the Santa Rita grazing system. Journal of Range Management. 41(4):291. doi:10.2307/3899381. [accessed 2022 Dec 14]. https://www.jstor.org/stable/3899381?origin=crossref.

McCallum KP, Breed MF, Paton DC, Lowe AJ. 2019. Clumped planting arrangements improve seed production in a revegetated eucalypt woodland. Restoration Ecology. 27(3):638–646. doi:10.1111/rec.12905.

McCoy JW, Keeland BD, Lockhart BR, Dean T. 2002. Preplanting treatments and natural invasion of tree species onto former agricultural fields at the Tensas River National Wildlife Refuge, Louisiana. Asheville (NC): U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Southern Research Station. General Technical Report No.: SRS-48. p. 405–411. [accessed 2022 Dec 22]. https://www.fs.usda.gov/research/treesearch/4850.

Meyer LD, Monke EJ. 1965. Mechanics of soil erosion by rainfall and overland flow. Transactions of the ASAE. 8(4):572–577. doi:10.13031/2013.40586. [accessed 2022 Dec 12]. https://doi.org/10.13031/2013.40586.

Meyer SE. 2008. Artemisia L.: sagebrush. In: Bonner FT, Karrfalt RP, editors. The woody plant seed manual. Agricultural Handbook No. 727. Washington (DC): US Department of Agriculture, Forest Service. p. 525–527. [accessed 2022 Dec 23]. https://www.fs.usda.gov/rm/pubs_series/wo/wo_ah727.pdf.

Miller JR, Hobbs RJ. 2007. Habitat restoration—Do we know what we’re doing? Restoration Ecology. 15(3):382–390. doi:10.1111/j.1526-100X.2007.00234.x. [accessed 2022 Dec 14]. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1526-100X.2007.00234.x.

Miller S, Warren S, Clair LS. 2017. Don’t bust the biological soil crust: Preserving and restoring an important desert resource. Fort Collins (CO): U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station. Science You Can Use Bulletin, Issue 23. [accessed 2022 Dec 14]. https://www.fs.usda.gov/research/treesearch/53680.

Montalvo AM, McMillan PA, Allen EB. 2002. The relative importance of seeding method, soil ripping, and soil variables on seeding success. Restoration Ecology. 10(1):52–67. doi:10.1046/j.1526-100X.2002.10106.x. [accessed 2022 Dec 23]. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1046/j.1526-100X.2002.10106.x.

Morandin LA, Kremen C. 2013. Hedgerow restoration promotes pollinator populations and exports native bees to adjacent fields. Ecological Applications. 23(4):829–839. doi:10.1890/12-1051.1. [accessed 2022 Dec 14]. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1890/12-1051.1.

Morris GM, Kline C, Morris SM. 2015. Status of Danaus plexippus population in Arizona. Journal of the Lepidopterists’ Society. 69(2):91–107. doi:10.18473/lepi.69i2.a10. [accessed 2022 Dec 14]. https://dist.lib.usu.edu/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=asn&AN=111281931&site=eds-live.

National Seed Strategy | Bureau of Land Management [Internet]. USDI Bureau of Land Management; c2023. Available from https://www.blm.gov/programs/natural-resources/native-plant-communities/national-seed-strategy.

NAU collaborates with Navajo Tech to develop restoration strategies for pinyon-juniper | Navajo-Hopi Observer | Navajo & Hopi Nations, AZ [Internet]. Navajo-Hopi Observer; 2020 Nov 17. Available from https://www.nhonews.com/news/2020/nov/17/nau-collaborates-navajo-tech-develop-restoration-s/.

Neary DG, Koestner KA, Youberg A, Koestner PE. Post-fire rill and gully formation, Schultz Fire 2010, Arizona, USA. Geoderma. 2012;191:97–104. https://www.fs.usda.gov/rm/pubs_other/rmrs_2012_neary_d001.pdf

Norbury G, van Overmeire W. 2019. Low structural complexity of nonnative grassland habitat exposes prey to higher predation. Ecological Applications. 29(2):1–8.

Page WG, Kuhns MR. Utah Forest Facts: Prescribed Fire on Public Lands [Internet]. All Current Publications. Paper 1877. Logan (UT): Utah State University Extension; 2013 Dec. Available from https://extension.usu.edu/forestry/publications/utah-forest-facts/025-prescribed-fire-on-public-lands.

Pedrini S, Merritt DJ, Stevens J, Dixon K. 2017. Seed coating: science or marketing spin? Trends in Plant Science. 22(2):106–116. doi:10.1016/j.tplants.2016.11.002. [accessed 2022 Dec 22]. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1360138516301728.

Pedrini S, Stevens JC, Dixon KW. 2021. Seed encrusting with salicylic acid: A novel approach to improve establishment of grass species in ecological restoration. PLOS ONE. 16(6):e0242035. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0242035. [accessed 2022 Dec 22]. https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0242035.

Petersen SL, Roundy BA, Bryant RM. 2004. Revegetation methods for high-elevation roadsides at Bryce Canyon National Park, Utah. Restoration Ecology. 12(2):248–257. doi:10.1111/j.1061-2971.2004.00321.x. [accessed 2022 Dec 22]. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1061-2971.2004.00321.x.

Phillips R. 1992. Environmental factors contribute to acorn quality: Elevation, on- or off-tree collection influence the viability of blue oak acorns. California Agriculture. 46(5):30–32. [accessed 2022 Dec 22]. http://calag.ucanr.edu/Archive/?article=ca.v046n05p30&sharebar=share.

Prescribed Fire | US Forest Service [Internet]. USDA Forest Service; c2023. Available from https://www.fs.usda.gov/managing-land/prescribed-fire.

Pyke DA, Wirth TA, Beyers JL. 2013. Does seeding after wildfires in rangelands reduce erosion or invasive species? Restor Ecol. 21(4):415–421. doi:10.1111/rec.12021. [accessed 2022 Dec 13]. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/rec.12021.

Rau A. What is? PRESCRIBED BURN [Internet]. Corvallis (OR): Northwest Fire Science Consortium; c2020. Available from https://www.nwfirescience.org/sites/default/files/publications/Prescribed%20Fire_0.pdf.

Reforestation: Prescribed Burning for Site Preparation [Internet]. College Station (TX): Texas A&M Forest Service; c2012. Available from https://tfsweb.tamu.edu/uploadedFiles/TFSMain/Manage_Forest_and_Land/Landowner_Assistance/Stewardship(1)/Prescribed_Burning_for_Site_Preparation.pdf.

Restoring Native Plants to Navajo Nation Lands - Handbook [Internet]. Navajo Nation: Diné Native Plants Program; c2022. Available from https://www.nndfw.org/dnpp/docs/Handbook_Restoring_Plants_to_NN_Lands.pdf.

Richard Teague, Urs Kreuter. 2020. Managing grazing to restore soil health, ecosystem function, and ecosystem services. Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems. 4. doi:10.3389/fsufs.2020.534187.

Roberts RD, Bradshaw AD. 1985. The development of a hydraulic seeding technique for unstable sand slopes. II. Field evaluation. Journal of Applied Ecology. 22(3):979–994. doi:10.2307/2403245. [accessed 2022 Dec 23]. http://www.jstor.org/stable/2403245.

Rochette P. 2008. No-till only increases N2O emissions in poorly-aerated soils. Soil and Tillage Research. 101(1):97–100. doi:10.1016/j.still.2008.07.011. [accessed 2022 Dec 22]. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S016719870800113X.

Rodgers JE. 1994. Use of container stock in mine revegetation. In: Landis TD, Dumroese RK, tech cords. National proceedings: Forest and conservation nursery associations. General Technical Report RM-GTR-257. Fort Collins (CO): US Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station. p. 234–238.

Schaff SD, Pezeshki SR, Shields Jr. FD. 2002. Effects of pre-planting soaking on growth and survival of black willow cuttings. Restoration Ecology. 10(2):267–274. doi:10.1046/j.1526-100X.2002.02035.x. [accessed 2022 Dec 22]. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1046/j.1526-100X.2002.02035.x.

Scotton M, Ševčíková M. 2017. Efficiency of mechanical seed harvesting for grassland restoration. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment. 247:195–204. doi:10.1016/j.agee.2017.06.040. [accessed 2022 Dec 22]. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167880917302839.

Seastedt TR, Hobbs RJ, Suding KN. 2008. Management of novel ecosystems: are novel approaches required? Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment. 6(10):547–553. doi:10.1890/070046. [accessed 2022 Dec 6]. http://doi.wiley.com/10.1890/070046.

Seglias AE, Williams E, Bilge A, Kramer AT. 2018. Phylogeny and source climate impact seed dormancy and germination of restoration-relevant forb species. PLOS ONE. 13(2):e0191931. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0191931. [accessed 2022 Dec 22]. https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0191931.

Smith SE, Riley E, Tiss JL, Fendenheim DM. 2000. Geographical variation in predictive seedling emergence in a perennial desert grass. Journal of Ecology. 88(1):139–149. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2745.2000.00436.x. [accessed 2022 Dec 22]. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1046/j.1365-2745.2000.00436.x.

Wang X, Bartha R. 1990. Effects of bioremediation on residues, activity and toxicity in soil contaminated by fuel spills. Soil Biology and Biochemistry. 22(4):501–505. doi:10.1016/0038-0717(90)90185-3. [accessed 2022 Dec 22]. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0038071790901853.

Whisenant SG. 1999. Repairing damaged wildlands: a process-oriented, landscape-scale approach. Cambridge (UK): Cambridge University Press (Biological conservation, restoration, and sustainability).

Winkel VK, Roundy BA. 1991 Mar 1. Effects of cattle trampling and mechanical seedbed preparation on grass seedling emergence. 44. doi:10.2307/4002318. [accessed 2022 Dec 14]. https://repository.arizona.edu/handle/10150/644859.

Wrysinski J. 1999. Roadside establishment of native perennial grasses. In: Robins P, editor. Bring Farm Edges Back to Life! Woodland (CA): Yolo County Resource Conservation District. p. 23–28.

Yazzie JO, Fulé PZ, Kim YS, Sánchez Meador A. Diné kinship as a framework for conserving native tree species in climate change. Ecological Applications. 2019;29(6):e01944.