In recent weeks, reports of woodchuck sightings have increased. Woodchucks have been spotted foraging in alfalfa fields, raiding gardens, harassing dogs, crossing highways and digging under barns, homes and cabins. Some report the presence of “whistle pigs” in areas where they are not usually seen, including main street.

            

In reality, woodchucks, ground hogs, marmots and whistle pigs are one in the same. And although they would have difficulty scurrying among tree branches, they are members of the squirrel family and are able to climb. Woodchucks are a protected species in Utah. They may, however, be taken without a permit. 

            

The compact, chunky body of this species is supported by short, strong legs. Their forefeet are equipped with curved claws that are well adapted for digging burrows. Both sexes have short, dark-brown fur, and their weight may exceed 10 pounds. Woodchucks have white or yellowish-white, chisel-like incisor teeth that are constantly growing. To keep the incisors in check, they must constantly gnaw. Their eyes, ears and nose are located toward the top of the head. This unique feature allows them to remain concealed in their burrows while they check for danger.

            

In general, woodchucks in Utah prefer open areas near some type of cover. Burrows are commonly located in fields and pastures, along fence rows, stone walls, roadsides and near building foundations or the bases of trees. Their burrows are readily identified by a large mound of excavated earth at the main entrance. For protection, there are usually two or more entrances to the burrow. The secondary exit is usually hidden by vegetation. Woodchucks generally stay within a few hundred feet of their burrows in the daytime. This distance may vary, however, depending on the mating season or the availability of green groceries. Woodchucks usually feed in the early morning and evening. As an herbivore, almost anything green can be table fare, but they prefer vegetables, grasses and legumes, such as alfalfa, peas and beans. Woodchucks are among the few mammals that enter into true hibernation. Hibernation generally starts near the end of October or early November.

            

Between hibernations, a woodchuck’s burrowing activity and diet can cause trouble with humans. Damage often occurs on farms, in home gardens, orchards, nurseries, around buildings, and dikes. Damage to crops, such as alfalfa, can be costly and extensive. Fruit trees and ornamental shrubs are damaged by woodchucks as they gnaw or claw woody vegetation. Gnawing on underground power cables has caused electrical outages. Mounds of earth from the excavated burrow systems and holes formed at burrow entrances present a hazard to farm equipment, horses and riders.

                

Consider these tips to reduce woodchuck damage.

            

* Fencing can help reduce damage. Because woodchucks are good climbers, fences should be at least 3 feet high and made of heavy poultry wire. To prevent burrowing, bury the lower edge 10 to 12 inches in the ground or bend the lower edge at an L-shaped angle pointing outward, and bury it in the ground 1 to 2 inches. As an extra deterrent, an electric wire placed 4 to 5 inches off the ground and the same distance outside the fence will prevent climbing and burrowing. Fencing can protect home gardens and offer added protection by excluding rabbits, dogs, cats and other animals.

            

* A gas cartridge (carbon monoxide) can be used to euthanize problem woodchucks in their burrows. These are commercially available. Directions are on the label and should be carefully read and followed. When using gas cartridges, do not use them in burrows located under wooden sheds, buildings or near other combustible materials because of the potential fire hazard. Aluminum phosphide tablets are also registered for this use. Aluminum phosphide is a restricted-use pesticide and can be applied only by a certified pesticide applicator. For guidelines, contact your local USU county Extension office.

 

* Live traps are available through local farm and ranch stores. Traps should be baited with apple slices or vegetables such as carrots and lettuce. Baits should be changed daily. Place traps at a main entrance or on major travel lanes. Place guide logs on either side of the path between the burrow opening and the trap to help funnel the animal into the trap. Check all traps twice daily, morning and evening, so captured animals may be quickly removed. A captured animal can be relocated to an area with suitable habitat where no additional damage can be caused.

 

For more information on managing damage caused by woodchucks, contact your local county Extension office.