Floods are the number one natural hazard in the United States, and they occur in all 50 states. Low-lying areas are subject to periodic severe flooding caused by any combination of heavy rains, melting snow, high tides and strong winds. Land adjacent to or near rivers, creeks, sloughs and bays is most vulnerable to flooding; however, flooding can occur in any lowland area. Flash floods, overland flooding and flooding due to broken dams and levees may also occur. The most vulnerable time is from November to April, but flooding can occur any time of the year. Consider this information to prepare and protect your home and belongings from floods.
 
• Be aware of the following terms: Flood watch – flooding is possible. Tune to TV and radio for further information. Flash flood watch – flooding is possible. Be prepared to move to higher ground. Flood warning – flooding is occurring. Be prepared to evacuate when advised.
Flash flood warning – flood is occurring; seek higher ground on foot immediately.
 
• Use preventive measures to protect your property. Elevate your movable property.
Waterproof your walls, especially basement concrete. Plan ahead and have sand and bags on hand and ready to fill in case sandbagging becomes necessary.
 
• In addition to homeowner’s insurance, consider purchasing flood insurance. Regular homeowner’s policies will not cover flooding. If your insurance company doesn’t provide flood insurance, contact the National Flood Insurance Program at 888-379-3689, and they can help you find an agent in your area. An average premium is approximately $370 a year.
 
• Prepare an emergency supply kit that includes a first aid kit and essential medications, canned food and can opener, at least 3 gallons of water per person (each person needs a half-gallon of water per day), protective clothing, rainwear and bedding or sleeping bags, waterproof matches, battery-powered radio, flashlight and extra batteries, radio and lantern and special items for infants, elderly and disabled family members.
 
• In the event of an evacuation, secure your home. If time permits, relocate valuables from lower to upper floors in the home. Have a prepared list of items to secure and take. Keep insurance policies, documents and other valuables in a safe-deposit box. Turn off all utilities. Do not touch electrical equipment if you are wet or in standing water. Do not walk through moving water. Do not drive into flooded areas. If flood waters rise around your car, abandon the car for higher ground. One foot of water will float vehicles; 2 feet will carry them away. Identify where you would go in the event of evacuation. Choose several places such as a friend’s home in another town, a motel or a shelter.
 
• When re-entering flooded areas, use caution. Return home only when it has been indicated to be safe. Clean and disinfect everything that is wet, and dry things quickly to avoid mildew. Remember that some items may not be salvageable, either due to contamination or water damage. Pump flooded basements gradually (about one-third of the water per day) to avoid structural damage. If the water is pumped completely in a short period of time, pressure from water-saturated soil on the outside could cause basement walls to collapse. Service damaged water and sewage systems as soon as possible to avoid health hazards.
 

By: Carolyn Washburn - Apr. 21, 2011