Market
Animal Terminology
SWINE
Justin
Williams
Oregon State University 4-H/Agriculture Extension Faculty
justin.williams@orst.edu
Reasons Terminology - Advantages
Reasons Terminology - Criticisms
Reasons Terminology - Sample ExpressionsView Diagram (Parts of a Swine)
Reasons Terminology - Advantages
I. General
1. More correctly designed
2. More correctly balanced, nicely balance
3. Fresher appearing, more youthful appearing
4. Larger, wider framed
5. Leveler designed
6. Looser structured
7. Heavier structured, heavier boned
8. Higher volumed, more capacious
9. More production oriented
10. Deeper bodied, bigger bodied
11. Longer bodied, longer sided
12. Soundest
13. Most confinement adaptable
14. Most structurally correct
15. Heavier muscled
16. Leaner
17. Feminine
18. More powerfully constructed
19. More functionable, durable
II. Frame - Larger
1 . Bigger scaled
2. Growthier
3. Bigger skeleton, bigger bladed
4. Longer bodied, sided
5. Longer from the top of the blades to (his, her) tail head
6. Larger outlined
7. Longer spined
8. Longer necked, more extension to front
III. Frame - Wider1 . Wider, stouter fronted
2. Wider chested
3 . Wider shouldered
4. Wider based, wider ribbed
5. Tracks out wider at both ends
6. Opens up into a wider body cavity
7. Wider topped, bolder sprung
8. Wider centered
9. Has more width and curvature to the center of (his, her) shoulder and rib
10. Wider hipped
11. Wider through the center of (his, her) body cavity
12. Wider across the top of (his, her) blades
13. Turned squarer at the base of (his, her) rib cage
IV. Heavier Structured
1. Heavier boned, bigger footed
2. Stouter made, more durable
3. Heaviest skeleton
4. Heaviest structured
5. Bigger boned
V. Muscling1. Wider, thicker down (his, her) top
2. Takes a thicker, squarer, more muscular turn across his top
3. Has more rear dimension of muscle
4. Has more volume of ham
5. More center and lower dimension of ham
6. Thicker rumped
7. More correct turn to (his, her) top
8. More expression of muscle in (his, her) …
VI. Leanness1. Trimmer
2. Trimmer patterned
3. Leanest
4. Leaner topped
5. Leaner, squarer turn across (his, her) top
6. Will probe less fat cover
7. Freer of fat through the lower 1/3
8. Freer of fat through the elbow pocket
9. More blade action on the move
10. Reads leaner along his/her loin edgeVII. Soundness
1. More desirable slope to (his, her) shoulder
2. Most confinement adaptable
3 . Most structurally correct
4. Has more flex and cushion to (his, her) skeleton
5. More even in (his, her) tail size
6. Has more regulation and cushion up front
7. More correctly angled in (his, her) hock
8. Longer strided
9. More cushion to (his, her) pasterns or hock
10. More correct set to (his, her) pasterns
11. Softer moving
12. More mobile
VIII. Volume1. Bigger volumed
2. Deeper ribbed, deeper middled, deeper flanked
3 . Deeper through (his, her) body cavity
4. Deeper chested, deeper centered
5. Deeper and more extended in (his, her) rear flank
6. Wider ribbedIX. Production
1. More lean gain per day of age
2. More confinement adaptable
3. Appears to be a faster growing, more productive (barrow, gilt)
4. Fresher, more youthful appearing
5. Has a higher weight per day of age
X. Leveler Designed1 . Leveler topped, rumped
2. Leveler from shoulder to rump
3 . Leveler, more correctly shaped hip
4. Leveler hipped
5. Higher tailset
6. Leveler necked
XI. Looser Structured
1. Longer, looser, freer strided
2. Easier moving, more mobile
3. Moves out with more flex to (his, her) hocks and knees
4. Moves out with more flex to (his, her) spine
5. Looser middle and flank
6. Softer fronted
7. Works a looser blade
XII. Heavier
1. Pounds heavier
2. Assuming similar age and management, has taken fewer days to 230 pounds
3. Assuming similar environments, #2 has obviously outperformed #3
XIII. Carcass (market hop only)1. Should produce a carcass with less retail fat trim
2. Should hang a heavier, more muscular carcass
3. Leaner carcass with more profit on a lean value system
4. On the rail, should have a longer sided carcass
5. Should yield a carcass with a higher percent muscle
6. More total pounds of product
7. Should produce a higher muscle scoring carcass
XIV. Femininity1. Longer fronted, more feminine appearing gilt
2. More normally developed vulva
3. More refined and feminine underline
4. More prominent underline, more evenly spaced and sized
5. Higher quality underline
XV. Underline - Teat Placement
1. More prominent
2. More evenly spaced
3. Uniform placement, spacing
4. Finer, more desirable texture
5. More correct teat (nipple) design
6. Set further forward in her underline
7. More functional underline as she had …
8. Longer, broodier underline
9. More feminine underline
Reasons Terminology - Criticisms
I. General1. Poor balanced
2. Low fronted
3 . Heavy fronted
4. Poorly designed baffow in that...
5. Stale appearing
II. Frame - Smaller1. Smallest, least growthy
2. Shortest sided, bodied
3. Short hipped
4. Shortest fronted
III. Frame - Narrower
1. Narrow topped
2. Tight fronted, narrow and tight at the top of (his, her) shoulders
3. Narrow through (his, her) body cavity
4. Flat shouldered, narrow and flat ribbed
5. Narrow based, narrow tracking
IV. Leanness1. Fatter
2. Wastier
3. More fkt over (his, her) 10th rib
4. Fatter down (his, her) top and through (his, her) elbow pocket
5. Fatter through (his, her) lower 1/3
V. Soundness1. Bucked over in front
2. Straight though (his, her) hock
3. Steep rumped
4. Uneven in (his, her) toe size, walks on (his, her) inside toes
5. Short and restrictive strided behind
6. Straight in (his, her) shoulders, pasterns
7. Lacks cushion in front
8. Tight hipped
9. High topped
VI. Volume1. Narrow, shallow, short
2. Flat sided
3. Roundest and shallowest in her body cavity
4. Shallow bodied
5. Tight through (his, her) middle and flank
6. Flat and narrow in (his, her) rib structure
7. Shallow chested, shallow centered
VII. Production1. Least confinement adaptable
2. Stale, rough
VIII. Design1. high topped
2. Low fronted
3 . Steep rumped
4. Lower tailset
IX. Structure1. Short and restrictive strided
2. Tight and round in (his, her) muscle
3. Tighter structured
4. High and tight in (his, her) flank
5. Tighter middled
6. high topped, tight muscled (barrow, gilt)
7. Tight, round designed (barrow, gilt)
8. Frail, fine boned
9. Lightest structured
10. Small footed
X. Femininity1. Short necked, coarse fronted
2. Blunt and coarse in her underline
3. Uneven in her teat size, spacing
4. Poor quality underline in that...
5. Tipped vulva, infantile vulva, small vulva
XI. Underline - Teat Placement1. Pin nipple
2. Uneven spacing, size
3 . Coarse underline
4. Inverted nipple
5. Blunt nippleTerminology-Sample Expressions
I. General
1. Littermate
2. Ultra lean
3 Tremendous rib
4. Functionally designed gilt
5. Growthy, sound footed, and highly efficient
6. Most powerful female, deep and wide
7. Loaded with bone and muscle
8. Long bodied, level topped, functional
9. Extra bone, width of chest, and mobility in a big, lean package
10. Excels in leanness and muscle volume
11. Sound, wide made with a thick, level, and expressive rump and top
12. Extremely mobile and extended through the neck
13. Extremely heavy boned, sound made, durable and should handle the toughest environments
14. The fat free appearance and muscle volume is why I liked ...
15. Thick made
16. Ultra long, extremely deep, thick, and muscular
17. Offered a tremendous package that was extremely sound, level, and heavy structured
18. This gilt combines length, width, and depth of body into a functional, more productive package
19. Extremely lean and square down his top with a bunch of muscle
20. Packed full of muscle, extremely sound, big rumped and lean
21. He was flat boned, level topped, and sound off of both ends
22. This fellow was stout, ultra lean, and extremely loose
23. He has superior muscle, leanness, natural width, and function to combine with durability and carcass merit
24. Extremely long sided, extended up front, and excelling in blade dimension, rib shape, and femininity
25. Genetic edge
26. Impressive credentials
27. Massive shoulder blade
28. Freedom of movement
29. Could be jacked up
30. Superior ability to transmit growth, muscle, leanness into one functional package
31. Unique combination
32. A super female that is wide chested and correct in her rump structure
33. Maintains superb length of front end
34. Really massive
35. Very fluid in movement
36. Lean made and powerful
37. Big, square, even-toed gilt
38. Level, stout, and sound package
39. This powerful barrow is heavy boned, large footed, long bodied, and lean made
40. Functionally designed gilt
41. Tremendous muscle dimension
42. Market weight flexibility
43. Problem free
44. Agile
45. Stands on the most bone
46. Excellent shape to his ham, muscle, and top
47. More pulled apart at blades
48. Tall level necked
49. This barrow has bone, muscle, and durability
Source:
Mark A. Kaufman and Justin L. Schaneman
Livestock Production, Selection, & Reasoning
copyright 1999
KS Publishing
Used by permission